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The compelling, true account
of the pilgrimage to
Santiago de Compostella
Its a long way
to Santiago by
Father Clement Mary, C.SS.R. and Katrina Harrington
www.redemptorists.org.uk or
email.
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Historical Introduction
Santiago de Compostella is a mediaeval city in North West
Spain and for hundreds of years people have travelled great
distances by land and sea to visit this magnificent place.
Their goal was the shrine of St James the Apostle (Santiago
in Spanish, Saint Jacques in French) which now lies inside
the impressive Cathedral - the focal point of the city.
The origins of the Pilgrimage
According to tradition, after Saint James the brother of
Saint John was beheaded in Jerusalem, his remains were
collected and miraculously shipped to the banks of northwest
Spain. After eventually gaining permission from the local
pagan Queen, Saint James' body was transported inland and
buried at what was subsequently called Santiago de
Compostella. There it lay forgotten about for nearly 800
years until a shining light/bright star appeared over the
burial mound. Tradition varies as to details, but according
to one version it was Pelayo, a religious hermit who
investigated the light and discovered the apostle's tomb. He
informed a local bishop who ordered a church to be built on
the site. Thus the name Compostella is thought to have
originated from campus stellae, starry field.
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The authenticity of the relics has been much discussed and
even many Catholic scholars have expressed serious doubts,
but however that may be the news of the rediscovery of the
tomb spread, along with the image of the apostle as a healer
of both physical and mental illness, and the site started to
attract visitors, although only a small number at first.
However once encouraged by the Church and patronised by the
state, it became an official pilgrimage and affordable
accommodation was offered (e.g. by Cluny monks) for pilgrims
to stay in. As a pilgrimage infrastructure developed, more
people visited the site and as the number of pilgrims grew,
infrastructure developed even more. By the 12th century the
amount of people travelling to the tomb rivalled that of
Rome and Jerusalem. There was a decline after the Reconquest,
although it is still very popular today having enjoyed a
resurgence from the late 20th century onwards.
Motivations for the pilgrimage
As with most pilgrimages the motivations behind walking the
Camino de Santiago (Way of St James) are many. In the Middle
Ages miracles were an integral part of the appeal of most
pilgrimages, as in the shrine of St. Thomas a Beckett in
Canterbury and as in modern times is the case with Lourdes.
The Camino inspired Europe’s first guide, the 12th century
guidebook 'Liber Sancti Jacobi' in which 22 miracle stories
testify to this perennial belief in miracles amongst
Catholics and to their conviction that they are more easily
obtained in close proximity to the relics of saints. Such
faith however was not incompatible with unworthy or at least
mundane motives for making this pilgrimage. Vagabonds and
adventurers were known to enjoy the route but more commonly
pilgrims went either to seek special favours from the
apostle or to render him thanks for favours received.
There was another important motivation. Like many
pilgrimages, the Camino was also traditionally connected
with Penance. People were sent (even by secular courts) or
went themselves on pilgrimages as a way of atoning for sin
because of the degree of suffering and hardship involved.
Connected with this aspect was the possibility of gaining
unusually large indulgences on pilgrimage. An indulgence as
understood by Catholics is not the authorization in advance
to permit yourself some favourite sins but the remittance of
some or all of the temporal (as opposed to eternal)
punishment still left over from forgiven sin. To obtain
these indulgences sincere repentance of one’s sins was (and
still is) the sine qua non.
In the past the Camino also had a vast importance due to its
intimate connection with the Reconquest. In the 9th century
Spanish Christians were trying to regain control of their
country from the Islamic Moors first conquered in the 8th
century, and through the discovery of the tomb at this time,
Saint James became an important figure in of a crusade which
ended only in the 15th century. At first he was simply a
symbol of national identity but then became Spain's
spiritual crusader. The “Son of Thunder”, as he was
christened by his master in the gospel of St. John, is
reported to have appeared at a battle as a knight on
horseback and slain 70,000 Moors which gave rise to his new
title 'Santiago Matamoros', Saint James the Moor Slayer.
Many famous people have made this pilgrimage amongst whom
are El Cid Campeador, St. Louis VII of France and St.
Francis of Assisi. Perhaps its significance in the Middle
Ages is best summed up by the words of Dante in his Vita
Nuova. Non s’intende peregrino se non chi va verso la casa
di Sa’ Jacobo. Nobody is a true pilgrim unless he is
journeying towards the ‘house of St. James’.
After the Reconquest, the rise of Protestantism and Humanism
and the wars of the Reformation in France lead to the
pilgrimage falling into decline. In 1589 when Francis Drake
was menacing the Galician coast the relics of St. James were
hidden. They were hidden so well that they were only
rediscovered in 1879 and these missing relics must have
contributed much to the loss of interest in the Camino. its
resurgence in recent years dates back it would seem, chiefly
to the visits of Pope John Paul II in the 80’s. At any rate,
in 1993, the first Holy Year since the Holy Father’s visits,
the annual number of pilgrims jumped suddenly from 9,764 to
99,439 and the pilgrimage has never again returned to its
centuries old obscurity
Today naturally there are a whole range of reasons why
people make the arduous journey to Santiago and very many
re-interpret the pilgrimage and its traditions in their own
way. Before setting out on pilgrimage I was requested by
Ideal Spain to write a report. On arriving back I thought it
might make more it interesting for the general reader if I
asked somebody I met on the way to Santiago to contribute.
After all, although our paths converged in more ways than
one, my account of the pilgrimage - as an unecumenical
Catholic priest devoted to the Latin Mass, and the narrative
of a young agnostic give an indication of the great variety
of modern pilgrims making their way each year to Santiago de
Compostela.
References
Frey, Nancy (1998) On and Off the Road to Santiago,
University of California Press
Kingsley, K. Wu (1994) The Road to Saint James – El Camino
de Santiago, in Singh, Rana P.B. (ed) The Spirit and Power
of Place, Banaras Hindu University
Lexicon fūr Theologie und Kirche
Herausgeber: Bp. Michael Buchberger, Regensburg
(1930) Herder & Co
.
Wetzer & Welte’s Kirchen Lexicon – (1884), Herder
The Catholic Encylopedia (1911), Robert Appleton Co. 1907 (www.newadvent.org)
The New Catholic Encyclopedia (1966) McGraw-Hill Book
Company
Inside the Vatican (May 2004)
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The priests' tale
Let me begin by introducing our international party of
pilgrims. They are: Brother Columba from Dublin, Ireland:
Br. Ivan from Belgium: Brother Magdala from Samoa: Brother
Francisco from Singapore and finally myself, Father Clement
from Glasgow, Scotland.
Our monastery is on Papa Stronsay,
Orkney, a small island of approximately 250 acres which we
bought in 1999.There are currently twenty-four in our
community of which only two are British – a newly arrived,
young Englishman and myself. The rest of the community come
from New Zealand, Australia, Zimbabwe, India, Ukraine, USA,
South Africa and France and some of those from South Africa
and Australia are actually of Lebanese origin. The reason
for this bright mix is our adherence to the Tridentine Latin
Mass and to the traditional faith and discipline of the
Roman Catholic Church, before all the radical changes of the
sixties changed the face of Catholicism. |
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There are a limited
number of such monasteries in the world right now but there
are, as would be expected, world-wide sympathisers with the
movement to preserve Catholic faith and culture and when
such people think they might have a monastic vocation they
very often turn to us. Anyone curious or interested can
visit us at
www.redemptorists.org.uk or
email me.
Being a convert from the Plymouth Brethren I had never heard
of the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela until I joined
the monastery and the first time I heard of it was while
studying religious vows and their obligations. It seems that
until recently a monk could make a vow to go to Compostela
and nobody – except the Pope –could prevent him carrying it
out. Well, that’s how I remember it anyway but I may have
got it a little bit mixed up. Still, it stuck in my mind,
and made me realise that this pilgrimage must have been
something very special. It must have been around the same
time that I learned that in the Middle Ages it was, after
Jerusalem and Rome, the biggest Christian pilgrimage. That
however,1991, was the last I thought of it until in spring
of this year our superior asked if any of us would like to
go on pilgrimage to Compostela from the 5th to the 26th of
July. July 25th happens to be the feast of St. James but
these dates were coincidence. They were chosen originally
purely for their convenience value, but happily it was an
ideal time to go. At least one priest was needed so that the
brothers would have the Latin Mass each day but I was very
happy to volunteer as the idea of the pilgrimage, which I
had unconsciously assumed had fallen into oblivion, had
already caught my imagination. The attractiveness of this
pilgrimage for me was I think due to many factors. Visiting
the tomb of an apostle was one the most important of these
but annexed to this obvious motive was the historical
significance of the Spanish Reconquest, so bound up with the
devotion to St. James, and which added extra glamour to the
whole history of the pilgrimage. Apart from the Reconquest’s
importance for the survival of Catholicism in Europe it was
also a very romantic, quixotic story and that appealed to
me. Another important factor was that at last there was the
possibility to make a real pilgrimage as it was always made
before trains and cars. Instead of turning up at a shrine
feeling fit and fresh this time we would surely feel that we
had really achieved something and done something worthwhile
to honour the apostle. That it was to be on foot also made
it easier to connect with the pilgrims of the Middle Ages,
which was again another big factor for me. The sense of
history in general and then more specifically the thought of
all our ancestors in the Catholic Faith who had walked this
way, so different and yet so close because they shared the
same Faith, made it very attractive. On a more prosaic level
I also felt the need to get away from the quiet life in
Orkney and stretch my legs a bit. When I started
investigating practical arrangements for our trip I found
the website for the Confraternity of St. James (www.csj.org.uk)
which offers invaluable advice and there I found an
additional motive for going to Compostela. Most of the
pilgrims it said are not conventional Catholics but most of
them do have at least some spiritual motive for going and
indeed many walk this pilgrimage at a turning point in their
lives, seeking for some solution to their problems. It
seemed a useful place for a priest to be, although from my
past experience I wasn’t expecting anything too dramatic.
‘But, you never know…’ I mused.
Due to time and money constraints we decided to fly to
Bilbao and from there take the bus to Leon where we would
begin walking. It had been a bit disappointing for me to
discover that there would not be enough time to walk from
the Pyrenees and much as though I would have liked to walk
from at least Burgos, Leon was the only realistic choice. It
takes on average only two weeks to walk from there but we
had to allow for mishaps and for catching our return flight
from Bilbao. We thought to ourselves that if we arrived too
early in Santiago we could always visit some other place.
Oviedo
The route from Bilbao to Leon passes through Oviedo, whose
Cathedral contains the celebrated relics saved from the
Moors when they first invaded Spain. It was the custom in
the Middle Ages for many pilgrims to Compostela to make a
detour from the French Camino at Leon and walk to Oviedo to
venerate these relics which are said to include the blood of
the Redeemer, shreds from his garments, crumbs from the Last
Supper and relics of the Virgin Mary. The Cathedral has also
the Shroud of Oviedo, the face cloth of Jesus Christ when he
was taken down from the cross, (but different again from the
facecloth used in the tomb) and which likewise was saved
from the invading Moors. For anyone interested they can read
more at this web page:
www.shroud.com/guscin.htm.
So, after arriving in the early evening at Bilbao, Monday
the 5th of July, we took the overnight bus to Oviedo and
stopped to see and venerate the famous relics.
We were pleasantly surprised whilst there to be allowed to
say Mass in the Cathedral. The Latin Tridentine Mass has
become controversial since the introduction of the New Mass
in 1969, and its devotees are often regarded distrustfully.
The result is that we as adherents of the Tridentine Mass
are frequently regarded as reactionaries by the Left and
rebels by the Right. (See
www.sspx.co.uk if you would like
more information) As we consequently feared being unable to
celebrate Mass in churches along the way we had packed a
Mass kit in our rucksacks - complete with collapsible,
lightweight altar. We also had a six man tent with us,
partly in case the pilgrim hostels (albergues) might be
full, but also to double up as a chapel in case of
necessity. All in all we were carrying far more than other
pilgrims (at least one of the rucksacks weighed 20kg) but in
the end we only used the tent and the Mass kit twice for it
turned out remarkably easy to get the required permission,
starting with Oviedo Cathedral. The fact that in Oviedo (and
in most other places too) we spoke no Spanish and they spoke
no English, or even French, possibly helped but we always
did do our best to explain what we wanted. |
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In Oviedo the upshot was that the priests and the Cathedral
sacristans seemed very happy about it. So happy that we just
couldn’t stop one of the sacristans from talking to us. Non Comprendo!
made no impression and so for about half an hour we heard
about the Pope, the Church and…who knows what else.
The Pilgrim Hostels (Albergues)
One of the reasons for starting in Leon was that was also a
place where you could acquire your pilgrims passport which
is a document entitling you to stay in the refugios or
albergues. The passport is to be stamped at least once a day
to prove that you are making the pilgrimage and this can be
done at cafés, bars, churches and the albergues themselves.
These albergues (everyone ends up using the Spanish name)
provide very low cost accommodation, varying between five
euros and donations and are an essential part of the Camino
experience – and like the Camino itself the experience is
not always pleasurable. It tends to get very crowded as men,
women and sometimes children find a spare bunk or spare
floor place and sleeping is not always easy. Most people
start getting up around 6 am in order to avoid walking
during the hottest part of the day, but there is no silence
imposed in these places until at least 11 pm. And then there
is the snoring…One of the albergues had a sign saying ‘No
Snoring’ – if only it was that easy! Unless you are a heavy
sleeper or perhaps better a heavy snorer, you should reckon
with losing hours of sleep from the night symphony. Privacy
with regard to toilets and showers was appalling in some
places. One place in particular, where the bathroom was for
both sexes, had showers without any screen or door, fully
open to the gaze of all who walked by. I unintentionally
surprised a startled senorita as I looked for a shower
cubicle but that must have been a frequent occurrence. I
finally took a shower while Br. Columba guarded my privacy -
and sung O Soli Mio! In another place where showering was
likewise a public event, but where the toilets were not
supposed to be mixed, one girl was surprised by a nonchalant
Spanish male touring the ladies’. In general I didn’t find
the atmosphere in the albergues very congenial apart from in
the one operated by the Confraternity of St. James in
Rabanal del Camino, but I quite enjoyed the hectic hustle
and bustle. It all helped to make you feel like a pilgrim
and after all even in Chaucer the Catholic pilgrims were a
motley crew.
The Pilgrimage Begins
We began walking the Camino (Spanish for the ‘way’ or
‘road’) on Wednesday morning and for the first two days the
terrain was typically Spanish, very flat and arid. On the
second day we reached Astorga, a very historical, small town
where the Diario de Leon finally caught up with us. They had
pre-arranged an interview the day before but were unable to
find us in Astorga until the reporter saw Br. Ivan and Br. Columba out on the street. It came out two days later on
page 20 but it was a good article and also fairly large.
Being who we are, we were walking the whole way in our
heavy, black woollen habits and that attracted the attention
of the paper. For the most part however, despite our unusual
appearance, pilgrims did not show too much curiosity about
us.
An important part of the pilgrimage experience is the
people you meet along the way, most of whom are interesting
and some of whom are quite out of the ordinary and no
account of the pilgrimage would be complete without at least
some mention of the more memorable of them. On the first day
a young girl from Chile, Magdalena, studying Sociology at
university, struck up a conversation with us at the albergue
and came to our Mass. She was a practising Catholic and as
she openly admitted ‘loved to talk’ so for the next three
days we saw (and heard) a lot of her. She would have liked
to walk with us but could not keep up. ‘You don’t walk, you
run!’ she said. In her own way she was quite a character. In Astorga Cathedral she was seen going from altar to altar
singing and later she explained it was because it was the
only way she knew how to pray! The next day at the Albergue
in Rabanal del Camino, run by the Confraternity of St.
James, to my surprise I enough found two pamphlets about
prayer by St. Alphonsus de Liguori and got permission from
the hosts to give one to her. That might make her prayer
life easier. At Molinaseca we left her on Sunday morning,
assuming we would see her soon but we never saw her again
and never got to say goodbye properly. We also met two
French ladies, Gabrielle and Marylene on the first day. They
were clearly not practising Catholics but we made friends
with them and said goodbye to them in Santiago. Gabrielle
became my nurse for several days, as my feet started to
blister, for which I am very grateful - especially as it was
a bizarre, almost disconcerting experience for her to be so
involved with a priest. She coped admirably with it however
and we have been in contact since.
Apart from carrying too much in our rucksacks we also had to
worry about saying Mass when we had reached our destination.
While others could rest and recuperate we were visiting
churches and negotiating with sacristans. And then after all
that we still had to set up for Mass before we could begin.
We were able to say Mass in some beautiful churches and this
was definitely one of the major highlights of our pilgrimage
but it took its toll on me physically. Already by the second
day, in Astorga, I was feeling shattered. We had walked 32
km that day (in order to keep my promise to the journalist)
and by the time I reached the town I was too tired to say
Mass. About 6pm I recovered slightly and took a look round
the town with Br. Columba.
In the cathedral I met two
seminarians and I spoke with one of them in French. He knew
all about the Society of Saint Pius X, (the main worldwide
priestly Society for the defence of Catholic Tradition and
with whom we collaborate), but was very friendly and
enthusiastic nonetheless and asked me to pray for him in
Santiago. The third day we arrived in the abovementioned Rabanal del Camino where we received a very warm welcome
from the English speaking operators of the Confraternity of
St. James Albergue. Next door was a monastery, and as it
happened one of the monks visiting from Germany, was best
friends with a priest I had studied with in seminary in
Bavaria. This priest was very sympathetic towards Tradition
and helped us to say Mass in San Jose Church and assisted at
it himself. We made some more friends on this day. Earlier
we had met a very kind German lady in her late forties,
Brigitte, and I met her again at the Albergue. She was very
friendly and keen to talk and although a Lutheran was indeed
attending Mass along the way. For a few days we kept meeting
each other on the road and at Villafranca she was even kind
enough to lend me some money as our finances were becoming a
problem. At the Albergue in Rabanal we met a Dutchman, Joannes and his Norwegian wife Mete. We were to see a lot of
them also although they were quite clearly New Agers of some
sort. They seemed to be very interested in us nonetheless.
At the same place we also met Brother Julian, who works in
India with the religious of Mother Teresa and who indeed had
known the great lady herself. He gave us a very warm and
humorous welcome and went out of his way to be helpful to
us. We met him the next day too in Molinaseca. A little
later along the way we became acquainted with a middle aged
French lady from Paris, Anya, who was a devotee of the Latin
Mass. She was walking with her Buddhist friend and both
would attend our Masses whenever they could. We met again in
Santiago where Anya gave her contact information so I think
we might hear more from her.
The next day, Saturday, we headed off for Molinaseca. The
brothers started off at a terrific pace and after half an
hour I was bathed in perspiration. It was a very hard day
for walking and much of it was uphill. It was becoming
scenic but on the Camino beautiful landscapes are paid for
in blood and sweat (but I didn’t cry). After about three
quarters of the way I met Katrina, walking with a German
girl, for the first time at a small village. I was already
very tired and I’m afraid she didn’t make a good first
impression on me. She seemed just a bit too much of a clever
clogs and I felt too drained to make polite but empty
conversation. After a very brief discussion with her friend
about the hygiene of the fountain we were standing at and
hearing Katrina’s chirpy interruption I said, ‘Are you
English?’ She said she was from London, and normally I would
have introduced myself but in such circumstances I just
didn’t feel up to satisfying what I thought was her idle,
slightly patronising curiosity. How wrong can you be!
Anyway, I said ‘I thought so’, smiled and moved on. It
seemed reasonably polite at the time if a bit cold and
reserved. I forgot about the incident quickly and didn’t
expect to see her again but little did I know…Later at the albergue I met Charles, a Catholic from Philadelphia but now
living in Leon, who had already met Katrina. He was destined
to become one of our party but again he didn’t make a very
good first impression on me. I already knew my first
impressions were not to be trusted but they seemed to be
worse than ever on the Camino. Raphael the Albergue’s host
was a real character. A former journalist who claimed to
have been a reporter in the Gulf War, he had read about us
in the Diario de Leon and instantly claimed to be our
friends. ‘Hey, I am Catholic too. I remember the Latin Mass’
and then gave an embarrassingly bad demonstration of his
Latinity. It seemed too corny to be true but he put his
money where his mouth was and let us stay for nothing,
buying us bottles of mineral water and even arranging for us
to say Mass at a local church.
Pain Barrier
The next day was a turning point for me – and by consequence
for the brothers also. I felt quite strong most of the way
but the last two kilometres finished me off completely. The
‘fragile but determined’ Fr. Clement (the words of
Gabrielle) was simply no match for the martial Br. Ivan and
the raw-boned Br. Columba and the effort of keeping up with
them while singing and praying together was killing me. By
the time we got to our destination, Cacabelos, I could
hardly place any weight at all on my feet. I could hobble
about but the first contact of my feet with anything hard
was extremely painful. I had never had any foot problems
before, despite having once walked about 100km in three
days, so I felt very disappointed for it looked as if I
would have to take the bus the next day. Hopefully I would
recover after a day’s rest – but I wasn’t too confident. I
felt at the end of my physical resources. In the evening the
brothers went into town to find somewhere to eat but just
before I could get back to my room for a rest Charles
arrived (it was now hours after our arrival) and started
talking to me. Without my expecting it to happen, we ended
up talking about Catholicism and my conversion and Charles
was getting very interested. ‘I really want to continue this
conversation’ he said just as Katrina, whom I barely
recognised, appeared. In the end he never did continue the
conversation but Katrina certainly did. After re-introducing
herself she announced that she had taken a degree in
Religious Studies which for a self-proclaimed agnostic I
found very amusing. Religion had never held any appeal for
me whatsoever until I started investigating the claims of
the Catholic Church to posses the truth. So, although there
was a serious point to my joking, a point Katrina seemed to
appreciate, I enjoyed myself making fun of her
‘religiosity’. She seemed as amused and intrigued as I was.
The next morning as planned the brothers left without me and
as I was getting ready to catch the bus I began feeling a
bit lonely. Living in a monastery, you are very rarely
completely alone for long and I was already feeling a bit
stranded when I saw Charles casually smoking a cigarette. We
started talking again and I made up my mind to walk the
first seven kilometres with him to Villafranca from which I
could catch a bus. (For the first time in my life I had
taken some pain killers and was already beginning to feel
the benefit. I would take one each day for breakfast until
the second last day of the pilgrimage.) Just as we were
getting ready to leave, a sleepy Katrina surfaced and asked
to join the party. Charles and Katrina were by far the most
laid back pilgrims I had seen but it helped me immensely for
I began to realise that even with my raw feet I could
continue to walk, as long as I took it easy. We left the
albergue half an hour after we were meant to because we had
to wait for a supremely relaxed Katrina. At the entrance to
Villafranca we met Brigitte again who joined the party and
bought me some lunch in town at a café where Charles and
Katrina joined us along with another old Dutch lady - who it
turned out was a white witch. In the end our party did not
leave Villafranca until around 1.00 pm. Four and a half
hours to cover 7km!
The following day, the brothers set off before me while I
came along at my own pace. I started with Charles who had to
stop at the first café in la Faba, a mountaintop village,
for a smoke and a coffee. We had been there only five
minutes when Brigitte arrived and embraced us and after a
short while Katrina arrived and declared she was having her
third breakfast. With all this going on I was really
recovering confidence in my ability to finish the
pilgrimage. We all carried on together but finally I ended
up having a very long and intense discussion on religion
with the earnest but bubbly Katrina and that was to be the
pattern for the rest of the pilgrimage. It appeared to be a
very surreal twelve days for Katrina who came with us all
the way to Santiago and beyond. She found herself very
surprised to be talking so much with a priest and I was just
as surprised at her intense interest. I very quickly
realised that Katrina did know a lot about the case for and
against religion and more specifically Christianity, so it
was a real pleasure for me to have a battle of wits over
these important questions. For all her newborn curiosity she
was no pushover however, so the talks were very prolonged
and continue still…We arrived that day at Hospital da
Condensa at which Charles, Katrina, Gabrielle and Marilyn
attended my Mass. Normally, I would have checked into the
albergue first but I was afraid that the delay might furnish
Katrina with a reason for missing Mass. If only I had
known…As a result we both had to sleep on the floor that
night, Katrina in the reception room and me in the kitchen
while the brothers had beds upstairs. It was worth it though
for the landscape here was so beautiful that I could have
gazed at it all night. We had just crossed over the border
from Leon/Castile into Galicia and the mountainous but
fertile borderlands were breathtaking.
And so the pilgrimage continued until the following
Wednesday when we finally arrived in Santiago. Two days
after Hospital da Condensa Charles left our party for good
as he had to rush back to Leon. We had never continued that
conversation begun in Cacabelos but he had been a very good
companion to all of us. By the time we were getting near to
Santiago I had recovered quite well but still had to go
slower than the frenetic brothers (at least that’s how it
felt at times) in order to cushion my feet and save my
breath. On Tuesday the 21st we stayed at a Albergue in Monte
de Gozo, only 5km from Santiago so that we would be able to
arrive early in Santiago the next day. At this albergue we
noticed that we had just missed seeing Lou Reed and Bob
Dylan in concert. I don’t think Dylan has played Fatima or
Lourdes yet but then Santiago has become far more than just
a place of Catholic pilgrimage. Katrina assumed that I would
want to say goodbye now. Maybe she felt that I would not
want to ‘cast pearls before swine’ any longer as we came at
last to the holy shrine of St. James. I thought however it
would be such an anti-climax to part so close to Santiago
and invited her to come with me and all the brothers on the
next day. My feet were now almost back to normal and it was
only a stroll into Santiago now, so the next morning we all
set off together in a party and arrived at our renowned
destination.
Santiago
Santiago, small though it is, was buzzing the whole time we
were there with (a mostly secular) excitement. There was a
rock venue right outside the Holy Door and many t-shirts on
sale with pictures of witches on broomsticks underneath the
logo, ‘Santiago’. There was even a very imposing witch
posing outside the Cathedral. Maybe Wicca for reasons best
known to itself finds the pilgrimage attractive. Lively
street parties went on late into the night and kept me awake
(in bed) for most of my first night there and street artists
of every description were at almost every corner. |
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For many Catholics the secularisation of the pilgrimage
will be a great disappointment but it didn’t jar with me
or prevent me from savouring the spiritual nature of the
pilgrimage. I found it to be an excellent microcosm of
the tangled world today and I would have been
disappointed and probably even bored to find only pious,
traditionally minded Catholics. (I did actually meet a
young Austrian couple, making the pilgrimage from the
purest, most impeccable Catholic reasons, and yet…I was
slightly bored.) Aside from the precious opportunity of
speaking at great length about the Faith to those who
would otherwise never have any contact with a priest, I
find personally that faith thrives on challenges and
conflict. At Santiago however the highlight
was undoubtedly, being allowed to say Mass in the crypt at
the tomb of St. James. Given all the problems with the Tridentine Latin Mass it was very unexpected, but was the
perfect way to finish the pilgrimage and to pray for all our
special intentions. There was just enough room in the crypt
for the five of us and a slightly far-away looking Katrina.
The following day, although we had the chance to say Mass
once more in the Cathedral we chose instead to say Mass in
the Franciscan monastery founded by St. Francis when he came
to Santiago on pilgrimage.
Covadonga
The day after, a Friday, we left Santiago for Covadonga.
Covadonga is the tiny village in the Asturian mountains near
Oviedo where the Reconquest began, which in a sense is the
beginning of modern Spain. There, while the rest of Spain
had fallen, King Pelayo with a handful of followers refused
to surrender and made his last stand. He must have cut a
ridiculous figure at the time but the last laugh was with
him for after about 770 years the Spaniards indeed finally
re-conquered the last Moslem foothold. There in a very
romantic looking cave it is said Our Lady appeared to
encourage him and later it became a place of pilgrimage –
Our Lady of Covadonga.
This place had been on our agenda
from the start but we were not sure how much time we would
have after Santiago. If we had had more time the brothers
might have preferred to go to Fatima in Portugal, but that
was scarcely feasible now, whereas Covadonga is very close
to Oviedo and was more or less on our homeward route.
By the
time we arrived in Santiago Katrina had long abandoned her
plan to walk on to Finisterre and so I invited her to come
with us to Covadonga instead. I had spoken about it to her
previously and it was becoming obvious to me that she was
interested. As it turned out she needed little persuading.
Covadonga as far as I know has never been considered to be a
part of the pilgrimage to Santiago but I thought it was an
ideal place to finish off (and say goodbye to Katrina), the
beautiful mountain scenery adding the final sparkle to a
fitting ending.
The Agnostic's Tale………
Making plans
There was just something about the Camino de Santiago that
struck me. I had learnt about a wide variety of pilgrimages
in my Religious Studies degree but the Camino in particular
seemed to stand out. In my mind Christian pilgrimages
belonged to the Mediaeval world and I was genuinely
surprised that in this modern age of fast transport, such
large numbers of people still continue to make the journey
on foot each year! Feeling inspired by this fact, along with
a keen interest in Spain and a nagging desire to learn more
about a religion I had rejected, I thought about doing it
myself one day. My interest was further fuelled when a
friend actually walked the Camino last summer (2003). Whilst
she was away, by happy coincidence Channel 5 broadcast a
documentary of Britain’s controversial art critic, Brian
Sewell’s journey to Santiago and my enthusiasm for the
pilgrimage grew even more, and with it a fascination for
Brian Sewell - but that’s another story! When my friend
returned having had a positive experience I knew it would
only be a matter of time before I made the journey myself.
I chose this summer to go because I had time to travel
between finishing work and starting an MA course and I
wanted to do something slower paced and more reflective than
the usual backpacking trips. I had planned the pilgrimage
around the feast of St James on 25th July when big
celebrations are held in Santiago. I would arrive in the
city roughly a week before hand, spend a couple of days
there, then walk on to the coast to Finisterre (‘lands end’)
from where I would catch a bus back in time for the feast
day. Although not a Catholic or a Christian of any
denomination I still regarded my journey as a pilgrimage
rather than simply a long walk. I guess I thought of it as a
spiritual journey, but not so much in a ‘new age’ sense but
rather a journey for the benefit of my spirit, for the sake
of my mental well being. I had been feeling mentally drained
from working 9-5 and there were also aspects of my social
life that were bothering me. I hoped that the Camino might
help sort things out but I certainly wasn’t expecting any
kind of experience parallel to those of Paulo Coehlo or ‘new
ager’ Shirely MacLaine, whose accounts I had already read.
At the time I think I was a little coy regarding my
motivations and I chose my words carefully to colleagues and
more distant friends – “I’m walking along a pilgrimage
route” I would say, rather than “I’m making a pilgrimage”.
I decided I would start walking from the Pyrenees and that I
would reach them over land rather than through the air.
Somehow it felt wrong to fly over two countries in order to
walk across one. Also, by remaining on the ground it felt
easier to feel a connection with past pilgrims as I traced
the Camino via train through Paris, Chartres and Bordeaux,
visiting important churches and cathedrals along the way.
This link with history was important to me and it was in
Paris that I considered my pilgrimage to begin. Leaving
Bordeaux I made my final train journey to Saint
Jean-Pied-de-Port, the French border town from which many
people start the Camino. From here I would make the rest of
the journey on foot.
The Way of St James
On a literal level my journey would be from A to B, from one
physical place to another, but there were also a number of
other journeys taking place. Like many other pilgrims the
Camino was for me also a journey of self-discovery, both in
terms of my mind and my body. From the very beginning I was
struck by the intensity of the whole experience and in such
an environment everything seemed to become loaded with
meaning and I quickly began to interpret my experiences
figuratively. The variety of people I met combined with the
changing landscape I walked through became multi-layered
metaphors from which I needed to learn lessons from. All
aspects of my journey became inextricably bound up with each
other and the more I walked the more blurred distinctions
became – between myself and the path, my body and my mind,
the physical and the spiritual.
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Sweat and tears – the first five days
The first five days on the road were a literal and
metaphorical uphill struggle beginning with the steep ascent
into the Pyrenees across and down into the hilly Navarre
region. The first day was the most physically exhausting as
I struggled up the 16km climb in the heat and then wobbled
my way back down to the refugio at Roncesvalles. It took 11
hours and I think I was the last one on foot to make it that
day but I got there nevertheless! The feeling of relief was
immense - I’d climbed the biggest hurdle, this was the
toughest bit of the route and if I could do this then I
could do the rest.
I arrived an emotional and physical wreck and people quickly
rallied round to ease my distress.
A Canadian pilgrim who I’d met the night before and who had
passed me along the path that day, was particularly helpful
and told me he’d said a prayer along the road because he was
concerned about me. I am dubious about the efficacy of
prayer but nonetheless I appreciated his concern and was
genuinely grateful for his act. That first night I was
really struck by the support network that quickly developed
but I felt ambivalent towards it. On the one hand I was
immensely grateful for the help and concern but I also felt
an uneasy claustrophobia.
The next three days walking were much better in comparison
but still a struggle up and down hills which seemed to
mirror the emotional peaks and troughs I was going through.
I was becomingly increasingly frustrated that I couldn’t
keep up with anyone and also aware that the slower I walked
the more time I would be exposed to the sun. I tried to
leave earlier but it seemed to take me so long to pack my
rucksack each morning that it never really happened. People
would start off as early as 5.30am some mornings but I
rarely got out any earlier than 6.30am. Fortunately my body
wasn’t hurting too much at this point but I wasn’t really
enjoying myself and I just spent each day trying to get to
the next location as quickly as possible, pleased not to be
walking but only when I had stopped and it was all over for
that day.
The fifth day was a turning point – the usual route was
diverted and seemed to be much longer as a consequence and I
felt like I was dragging my body through the heat and the
dust. My toes were a little sore and my rucksack was
starting to pull on my shoulders. That morning I’d bumped
into a few pilgrims I’d met during the first couple of days
and I was grateful when we finally found somewhere to stop
for lunch. Afterwards however I found it really difficult to
get going again and I watched the party of four gradually
disappear into the distance as I was unable to keep up with
them feeling tired, isolated, alienated and depressed. I was
also hitting financial difficulties because two days earlier
in Pamplona I had forgotten my pin number and could not draw
money out of a cash machine. I was unsure if I even had
enough money to pay for the refugio that night and didn’t
know my fellow pilgrims well enough yet to ask for
assistance. Luckily I had enough and as I stumbled into the refugio I was relieved to see signs allowing pilgrims to
stay for an extra night if they wanted. I made up my mind –
I would have a day out from walking to rest, sort out my
finances and stop and think about whether I really should
carry on or not.
Companionship and adventure (Estella to Sahagun)
The day’s rest turned out to be a very wise decision but it
didn’t start off too well. After failing 3 times in 3
different banks to buy currency with my credit card and
realising my pigeon Spanish was not getting me anywhere I
turned in tearful desperation to some fellow pilgrims, one
of whom kindly lent me 50 euros which I was very grateful
for but extremely embarrassed about. It would last me until
my bank posted my pin number home and my mother contacted me
with those magical 4 digits to freedom! I spent the rest of
the day relaxing, doing a little sight seeing and writing in
my journal. I also took time to rearrange my rucksack and
cut down on the items I had with me and managed to decrease
my load by over 1kg. Using the Lista de Correos system to
mail a package to myself at the post office in Santiago I
felt like I had also jettisoned some mental baggage. I
finally accepted that I had no option but to walk at my own
pace if I was going to make it to Santiago in one piece. I
had less time constraints than many people so I had no need
to hurry. In the kitchen that evening as I met the day’s new
wave of pilgrims I knew I’d made the right decision to stay
behind. I felt liberated because I no longer felt the
pressure of trying to walk to the same place as everyone
else. I had broken free and so could now look forward to
enjoying the pilgrimage! Forgetting my pin number was a
blessing in disguise!
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I became more relaxed and as the landscape started to
flatten out the next couple of weeks walking became much
more enjoyable. I met a variety of people during this time
but much of it was spent in the company of a Canadian girl
from Ottowa, Mijanou. I’d first met her at St Jean
Pied-de-Port but she had to stay behind a day in Pamplona to
buy walking shoes as the footwear she had brought with her
was unsuitable, but luckily we met up again in Estella. It
didn’t happen at first but we would tend to leave the
refugio together in the morning, and as she walked faster
than me (who didn’t?!) she would soon disappear off ahead
but we would run into each other in cafes along the way or
meet up again in the same refugios that evening. We hardly
ever made any fixed plans to meet though and sometimes we
would lose each other for a day or so. To my surprise there
were not many young females walking the Camino alone and I
think we were very grateful for each other’s company.
It was during this time that I started to reflect on
Catholicism a little. Both Mijanou and I attended the
pilgrims’ masses in Los Arcos and Viana and although I could
not understand much of what was being spoken I could
appreciate the special benediction that pilgrims were called
to the front to receive and noted that this happened in
several churches along the Camino. A few days later however,
I had a rather less pleasant encounter with Catholicism when
I was awoken very abruptly one morning by a rather stern
looking nun. I was staying at a refugio run by a Cistercian
convent in Santo Domingo and I had incurred the nun’s wrath
by oversleeping!
Relieved that I was not the only one I
found the situation rather amusing and remember giggling
with a young German girl on a bench outside where we ended
up sorting out our hurriedly packed rucksacks and eating
some supplies for breakfast! It was gone 9am before I set
out and by the time I got to my destination that evening I
was too tired to attend mass and in any case the novelty was
starting to wear off and I remember reflecting on how
nauseating I was beginning to find Catholicism. “I’m
starting to feel repulsed by Catholic iconography” I wrote
in my journal, “Some of the statues of Mary are so huge they
look like grotesque dolls.” By the time I reached Burgos
however I’d recovered enough to appreciate the magnificent
Cathedral and Mijanou and I stayed in a hostel in town for a
couple of days enjoying a break from the road.
The next section was very memorable as the Camino made its
way through the meseta, the high plateau or tableland. I’d
heard much about this stretch of the Camino from other
pilgrims and learnt that some people took a bus between
Burgos and Leon. My guidebook stated of this section “..You
will either find it extremely tedious or, if you like
undulating expanses reaching out to infinity in all
directions, hauntingly beautiful…” I wanted to walk all the
way but was worried how my body would cope without shade and
how my morale would fare in a horizonless landscape. My
fears were soon allayed and not only was the landscape
bearable, it really was beautiful and I had much time to
reflect during this section. Miles and miles of glorious
golden cornfields seemingly stretching on forever, with
the odd tree occasionally dotting the landscape.
Away from the
noise and pollution of cities, the meseta felt like an oasis
of calm, and it was very easy to lose one’s sense of self
and time, especially when your watch had stopped working
some time back. During the occasions when I would not see a
single person for a good couple of hours, reality seemed
like a very slippery concept and I felt as if I was
travelling through a surrealist dreamscape. Walking in
Dali’s homeland, the sight of melting watches would have
felt highly appropriate at this point.
One evening after walking for about three hours without
seeing a single soul I felt rather overwhelmed as I stumbled
into a small refugio full of people who didn’t speak my
language, sat around a table eating and laughing. I was
expecting to find Mijanou here but didn’t and instantly I
felt completely alien to my surroundings. The hospitaleros
(the refugio’s host) in this place was very friendly to me –
I had met him briefly in the previous village earlier that
day and I got a cheer as I walked through the door. He was a
little too attentive though and having Julio Inglesias
played to you and your photo taken at the dinner table
whilst everyone around it was chattering in a foreign
language was all too much for me and I left this Mad
Hatter’s Tea Party and walked on to the next refugio. My
actions seemed to cause alarm and the next morning after
walking about 9km to the next village where I ate breakfast,
I discovered that the news had spread fast. There weren’t
many young English girls walking alone on the Camino and so
I was identifiable as soon as I opened my mouth!
The last day I spent with Mijanou was also memorable as her
feet were causing her so much trouble that she decided she
shouldn’t walk but as we were not near public transport we
were advised to hitch. Much as I wanted to walk every bit of
the Way there was no question of me leaving her to hitch on
her own – it would be safer together. So, we spent a good
few hours by the roadside failing to get anyone to stop that
was driving in the right direction. In the end we went back
to the village bar and it turned out someone there was going
into Sahagun and so we got a lift from him. It really was
quite a farcical experience as we sat there on the roadside
watching the stream of pilgrims on foot and on bicycles pass
us by as well as the cars and trucks! I felt like we were
some kind of modern day mendicants especially when one of
the cyclists hurled a cereal bar at us whilst we were
waiting!!!
Nothing goes as planned (Sahagun to Cacabelos)
I had a farewell meal with Mijanou that evening as the
following morning she would catch the train to Leon to give
her feet a rest. After leaving Mijanou as I travelled on
from Sahagun to Cacabelos there was one theme that really
struck home – nothing went as planned! Whether it was taking
wrong turnings, walking the longer scenic route out of Leon
when I decided that morning to take the more direct road
route, stopping to stay at places that looked nice rather
than the place I’d circled in my guidebook, or getting
distracted from my path by taking photographs or bumping
into people - one thing was sure I never knew where I was
going to end up that night! I started to really enjoy this
lifestyle and just went with the flow. One of the pilgrims I
saw a lot of during this time was Charles, an American who
had lived and worked in London for a while, not far from
where I live now and so we indulged in many conversations
about my home town. As he was only just starting out I
wasn’t too slow for him yet and as we walked I was
astonished at how much I was talking compared to the inward
contemplation of the previous weeks.
There were also many memorable places as well as people as I
meandered around more cities along the Way, visiting the
Cathedral in Leon and Gaudi’s Bishop’s Palace in Astorga. I
fell in love with the village of Rabanal del Camino which I
felt compelled to explore and wandered down the grassy hills
to a stream below and arrived back up just in time to hear
the resident Benedictine monks singing Vespers. I had only
ever heard Gregorian chant on CD before and was glad to
finally experience it in person in a church.
Only 10km
further on I also enjoyed my stay at the quirky but basic refugio (i.e. no washing facilities and a hole in the
ground) at Manjarin, run by a man called Tomas who claims to
be a modern day Templar Knight and involves his guests in
the daily rituals and ceremonies he performs! I bumped into
Charles again there but he ventured off towards Ponferrada
the next day whereas I embarked on a detour to a cave and
former monastery in the mountains nearby with a German girl
I’d met the previous night. Even so, both Charles and I were
convinced we’d see one another again.
That day was one of my strangest and both I and my walking
companion were remarking on how surreal everything was
becoming. Neither of us had intended on staying at Manjarin
but once we broke our journey there we just ending up
staying put.
We joked that the mountains must have some
strange power in them that made the whole area susceptible
to strange things and that this must be at least in part
responsible for our crazy adventure into the unknown where
our night’s lodging could not be assured. It was in this
context then that our vision was suddenly arrested by the
bizarre sight of a group of monks dressed in black habits
wearing rucksacks and singing as they walked along the path.
We couldn’t be sure at first whether we were imagining
things! Their reality was confirmed though when we bumped
into them briefly at a drinking fountain and discovered that
they spoke English. As they left I thought it was a pity I
would not be able to speak to them properly as shortly after
this encounter we turned off the Camino and made our way up
into the mountains. As the day progressed we realised we had
run out of time to make it to our destination and after
getting caught in a rain storm we reluctantly resorted to
hitching a lift to the refugio in Ponferrada where we
arrived looking very bedraggled. Whilst the day did not turn
out as hoped it was an enjoyable misadventure and I had
already accepted things not going according to plan. I was
beginning to wonder whether I’d ever been in control of my
journey anyway and mused over the thought that it was being
guided somehow.
The next evening then as I stumbled into the refugio at
Cacabelos, it was to my delight but not complete surprise to
discover not only Charles there but also the group of
English speaking monks. Moreover, Charles it seemed was
already acquainted with them and as I was leaving to find
some food that evening I found him talking to the monk I’d
spoken to at the fountain. On this occasion he introduced
himself as Father Clement and gave me a leaflet about their
monastery. As Charles and I ate in a Spanish fast food place
Charles gave me a brief run down of the monks’ orthodox
beliefs which aroused my curiosity even further.
Sore feet and a sore mind (Cacabelos to Santiago and beyond)
The day’s walk to Cacabelos had not been long but it had
been along hard concrete most of the way and for the first
time my feet were really beginning to bother me. Why now I
asked in exasperation?
There had been days on the Camino
before where my feet were a little sore but this had usually
been remedied by exchanging my boots for my sandals for a
day and my blisters had never been serious. Little did I
know however that this was to become the start of foot
problems which persisted even after I’d arrived in Santiago!
The next morning more by accident than design I ended up
joining Charles and Fr Clement who were walking to Villafranca . The rest of the monks had left earlier but as
Fr Clement was also having feet problems he would get a bus
from Villafranca to Ruitelan. We enjoyed a lazy breakfast at Villafranca and Charles and I didn’t leave there until gone
1pm but somehow we made the remaining 21km to Ruitelan in
the hot afternoon, going steeply uphill with less than
robust feet.
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I know that the only thing that drove me to walk that far
that day was my determination to keep up with Charles and
the monks. I arrived quite late and so there was not much
time to talk but I did find out from Fr Clement that they
usually held a Latin Mass at each place they stopped at and
he invited me to attend the next day. I was really touched
that despite not being Christian, let alone Catholic I was
welcome.
Unfortunately the next day I was in no fit state to
appreciate the Mass as I was not only physically exhausted
but also mentally drained from the afternoon of intense
theological conversation with Father Clement that preceded
it. With both myself and Fr Clement suffering from sore feet
we had ended up walking at a similar slow pace as Charles
had speeded up to get out of the sun. Charles was to part
company for good at Sarria whereas I ended up walking and
talking with the monks for the remainder of the Camino. I
would attend their Latin Mass almost everyday which to my
surprise I gradually grew to really appreciate.
This was the most intense part of my journey – the
conversations were really interesting but also deeply
troubling for me. Fr. Clement spoke frankly about
Christianity as the only true religion and I found this
deeply problematic. Whilst I recognise different
religions (and secular ideologies) as containing some
truth or truths, I regard them as all fundamentally
flawed in some way and tend to favour a more holistic
approach to life.
Somehow though I found myself gaining a real insight
into such a mindset and this fundamentally bothered me.
If I could bring myself to understand something that had
previously been too repulsive to even contemplate then
all the things I had taken for granted had to be rethinked. I also began to
realise to my horror that on some level I actually found
Christianity and Catholicism in particular very attractive.
Being preoccupied with conversation I lost all sense of time
and place and I no longer cared whether I went to Finisterre
or not and was even feeling a little apathetic towards
reaching Santiago because I did not want my journey to end
when I felt like it had only just begun.
Upon reaching the
city my focus was a little confused and as I did the staple
pilgrim rituals of walking past the statue and tomb of St
James in the Cathedral they didn’t really seem to mean much
more to me than symbols that I had finally made it!
The afternoon felt very surreal as I joined the monks as
they celebrated Mass by St James tomb, aware it was a
privilege to be so close to the apostle yet as a non-Catholic
I felt very much a fraud. After a while though
Santiago’s buzzing atmosphere began to wake me up and I
started to actively enjoy being in the city. Somehow it
felt right to end my journey in a place swarming with
pilgrims rather than walking on to Finisterre even if my feet had’ve been up to
it. I considered taking a bus there but ended up accepting
the monks’ invite to accompany them to Covadonga instead
even though this meant being away from Santiago during the
feast day. I really appreciated the tranquil atmosphere of
this beautiful place despite it being more touristy than any
of us imagined and I think I would’ve felt overwhelmed
experiencing the grand celebrations in Santiago on my own.
Reflections
After the monks left Covadonga I had a few days on my own to
reflect on things as I made my way back to Santiago and I
began to realise that I had learnt as much about myself as I
had learnt about Catholicism. Even after leaving Spain I do
not feel that my journey is over and I am still in contact
with Fr Clement now. The whole experience has raised some
challenging questions for me and indeed is continuing to do
so still!
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